Pengaruh pH dan Jenis Pelarut terhadap Ekstraksi Batch Asam 6-Aminopenisilinat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2019.18.2.5Keywords:
Penisilin G, 6-APA, PAA, ekstraksi, pelarut, pH.Abstract
Abstrak. Asam 6-aminopenisilinat (6-APA) merupakan bahan dasar pembuatan penisilin semi-sintetis. Dalam skala komersial, 6-APA dapat diproduksi dengan cara enzimatis atau kimiawi. Pada umumnya, produksi 6-APA dilakukan secara enzimatis, yaitu dengan mengkonversi penisilin G menjadi 6-APA dengan bantuan penisilin asilase. Karena konversi merupakan reaksi kesetimbangan, maka produk yang didapat adalah campuran penisilin G, 6-APA, dan asam fenil asetat (PAA) sehingga untuk memperoleh 6-APA murni dilakukan proses ekstraksi, pemekatan, dan kristalisasi. Proses ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa variabel operasi, yaitu temperatur, pH, dan jenis pelarut. Dalam penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh pH dan jenis pelarut terhadap proses pemisahan 6-APA. Temperatur operasi adalah kondisi ruang dan perbandingan volume pelarut dengan volume larutan yang akan diekstraksi adalah 1:1. Variasi pH ekstraksi dilakukan antara rentang 2,0-5,0, sedangkan jenis pelarut yang digunakan adalah n-butil asetat, iso butil asetat, metil isobutil keton, dan iso amil asetat. Rentang pH terbaik untuk pemisahan 6-APA adalah 2,0-3,0 dengan pelarut metil isobutil keton. Pada kondisi ini, perolehan penisilin G adalah 98%, 6-APA 5%, dan PAA 99%. Sebagian besar 6-APA pada fase aquatik dapat diproses untuk pemurnian selanjutnya.
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Kata kunci: Penisilin G, 6-APA, PAA, ekstraksi, pelarut, pH.
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Abstract. Influence of pH and Solvent Types on 6-Aminopenicillinic Acid Batch Extraction. 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA) is the raw material for producing semi-synthetic penicillin. In commercial scale, penicillin G is converted into 6-APA enzymatically by penicillin acylase. Due to the nature of equilibrium reaction, the products are in mixture solution of penicillin G, 6-APA, and phenyl acetic acid (PAA). In order to purify the targeted 6-APA, steps of extraction, concentration, and crystallisation are thereby compulsory. Extraction process is influenced by operation variables, among other things, temperature, pH, and solvent types. In this experiment, we observed the aspects of pH and solvent type, while temperature was set in room condition. Volume ratio of solvent to extracted solution was 1:1 and pH was varied between 2.0 and 5.0. There were four solvents tested: n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isoamyl acetate. The results suggested that optimum process was attained from pH 2.0 to 3.0, using methyl isobutyl ketone as solvent. In this regard, the yield of penicillin G (98%), 6-APA 95%) and PAA (99%); hence, most of the 6-APA was concentrated within the aquatic phase, representing the ease of further process.
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Keywords: Penicillin G, 6-APA, PAA, extraction, solvent, pH.
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Graphical Abstract
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