Karakterisasi fisiokimia dan fungsional kitosan yang diperoleh dari limbah cangkang udang windu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2010.9.1.2Abstract
The research was aimed at ascertaining the influences of process modification on the physiochemical and functional characteristic of udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) shell. The products of Sigma Co. were taken as comparing variable. All the physiochemical of the samples, namely yield, water, nitrogen, ash content, degree of deacetylation (DD), viscosity, acid solubility, and bulk density were analyzed. The functional characteristic analysis included water binding capacity (WBC), and fat binding capacity (FBC). The optimum yield was obtained by DMPAC process 19.3% (dry basis). The average yield gained from the DCMPA, DMPAC, and DPMCA was 17.56%. The smaller yield was made from the DAMPC process. The average ash content obtained from the three processes was smaller than 1%, but that of the DAMPC was 1.6%. The chitosan obtained from Windu shrimp had an average viscosity (>200 cP), namely between 330.3-461.3 cP, accorded to chitosan type of technical grade (the product of Sigma). The density bulk of chitosan ranged between 0.166-0.178 g/mL, smaller than that chitosan crab of Sigma Co., between 0.18-0,33 g/mL. The WBC was about 504-529%, lower than crab chitosan 581-1150%. Meanwhile, on average its FBC was 416% for soybean oil, 503% for corn oil, and 400.8% for sesame oil, which was relatively higher than the FBC of commercial chitosan (the product of Sigma Co.), which was between 399.9-413.4%.
Keywords : chitosan, penaeus monodon, fat binding capacity, degree of deacetylation (DD)
AbstrakÂ
Tujuan penelitian adalah mengamati pengaruh modifikasi perlakuan proses terhadap sifat-sifat fisiokimia dan fungsional kitosan asal udang Windu (Penaeus monodon). Kitosan asal cangkang kepiting (crabshell) produk Sigma Co. USA digunakan sebagai pembanding. Analisis karakteristik fisiokimia meliputi perolehan hasil, kadar air, nitrogen, abu, derajat deasetilasi (DD), viskositas, kelarutan dalam asam, dan densitas curah. Analisis sifat fungsional meliputi kemampuan mengikat air (water binding capacity, WBC), dan kemampuan mengikat lemak (fat binding capacity, FBC). Perolehan maksimum diperoleh dengan mode operasi DMPAK 19,3% basis kering. Perolehan rata-rata dari mode proses (DKMPA, DMPAK, dan DPMKA) 17,56%. Perolehan paling rendah diperoleh untuk DAMPK. Rata-rata kadar abu kitosan dari tiga proses pertama lebih rendah dari 1%, sedangkan pada proses DAMPK kadar abu 1,6%. Kitosan udang windu mempunyai viskositas sedang (> 250 cP) yaitu antara 330,3-461,3 cP, sesuai dengan kitosan technical grade produk Sigma, Co. Densitas curah berkisar antara 0,166-0,178 g/mL, lebih rendah dari densitas curah kitosan komersial asal kepiting antara 0,18-0,33 g/mL. Kemampuan mengikat air sekitar 504-529% adalah lebih rendah dari WBC crab kitosan yang berkisar pada 581-1.150%, dan kemampuan mengikat lemak (FBC) rata-rata 416,5% untuk minyak kedelai, 503% untuk minyak jagung, dan 400,8% untuk minyak wijen adalah relatif lebih tinggi dari FBC kitosan komersial yang berkisar antara 399,9-413,4%.
Kata Kunci : kitosan, udang windu, kemampuan mengikat lemak, derajat deasetilasi (DD)
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